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Item Factors Associated with Poor Health-Related Quality of Life in Physically Active Older People(2022-10-24) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Guzmán-Muñoz, EduardoThis study aimed to associate morphological variables and physical fitness with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in physically active older people. A cross-sectional study was carried out that evaluated 470 older people (89.57% female) with a mean age of 70.13 ± 6.57 years, residing in two regions of Chile. Morphological variables (body weight, bipedal height, waist circumference, body mass index, and waist to height ratio), physical fitness through the Senior Fitness Test protocol, and HRQoL using the SF-36 questionnaire were obtained. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors between morphological variables and physical fitness associated with HRQoL. The main results indicated that overweight (OR = 1.52; p = 0.034), a waist circumference with risk (OR = 1.56; p = 0.021), poor performance in the back scratch tests (OR = 1.02; p = 0.008) and timed up-and-go (OR = 1.19; p = 0.040) increased the probability of having a low general HRQoL. Also, the low performance of chair stand and arm curl tests was associated with poor physical and social dimensions of HRQoL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a low HRQoL in physically active older people is associated with both morphological and physical fitness factors.Item Warm-Up and Handgrip Strength in Physically Inactive Chilean Older Females According to Baseline Nutritional Status(2022-10-16) Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Castillo-Cerda, María; Vera-Assaoka, Tiago; Carter-Truillier, Bastian; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Jofré-Saldía, Emilio; Valdés-Badilla, PabloAbstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of different types of warm-ups on handgrip strength (HGS) in physically inactive older females. Secondarily, it aims to compare HGS according to their baseline nutritional status. A randomized crossover trial study was conducted with 44 physically inactive older females distributed into normal weight (n = 12, BMI = 23.9 3.2 kg/m2), overweight (n =16, BMI = 27 4.7 kg/m2) and obese (n = 16, BMI = 31.6 5.3 kg/m2), who participated in three warm-up conditions (static stretching condition, SSC; elastic band condition, EBC; and therapeutic compression ball condition, TCBC) and one control condition (CC, no warm-up). All participants performed the four randomized conditions with recovery within 72 h. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in HGS for the dominant and non-dominant hands was observed when comparing SSC vs. CC. In contrast, comparing the warm-up conditions according to the baseline nutritional status, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were only reported in the obese group in the dominant and nondominant hand in favor of CC concerning SSC. In conclusion, warm-up with static flexibility led to a decrease in HGS in physically inactive older females. Only the obese group exhibited this result when analyzed by nutritional status.Item Effects of active exergames training on physical functional performance in older females(2022-02-18) Hernandez-Martínez, Jordan; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Álvarez, Cristian; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Moran, Jason; Izquierdo, MikelObjective: To analyze the effects of 8 weeks of an active exergames training program on walking speed, static balance, timed up-and-go test, and sit-to-stand performance in older females. Methods: Two groups of participants were formed by block-design randomization as follows: (i) control group (n=12; age, 74.1±7.9 years); (ii) 8 week exergames training group (n=13; age, 75.6±9.1 years). Training was undertaken three times per week, including athletic, bowling and table tennis exergames. Each exergame had a duration of 8 min, with 2 min of recovery between exergames. The intensity of the training sessions was controlled using the 10-point rating of perceived exertion scale. Results: Group×time interactions were observed for the 4 m walking speed test, static balance test, timed up-and-go test and the 5-repetition sitto- stand test (all p<0.01; d=0.46–0.80). Conclusion: Exergames training improve physical functional performance in older females. These results should be considered when designing appropriate and better training programs for older adults, since active exergames training it is an affordable and low-cost alternative for community centres and preventive health units working with this population.Item Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Older Adults’ Health Status: A Systematic Review(2021-07-10) Valdés Badilla, Pablo; Herrera Valenzuela, Tomás; Ramirez Campillo, Rodrigo; Aedo Muñoz, Esteban; Báez San Martín, Eduardo; Ojeda Aravena, Alex; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriqueThe aim of this systematic review was to analyse the studies centered on the effects of Olympic combat sports (OCS [i.e., boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, wrestling]) on older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health status. The review comprised randomised-controlled trials with OCS interventions, including older adults (≥60 years), and measures of physical-functional, physiological, and/or psychoemotional health. The studies were searched through SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EBSCO databases until 5 January 2021. The PRISMA-P and TESTEX scales were used to assess the quality of the selected studies. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020204034). Twelve OCS intervention studies were found (scored ≥ 60% for methodological quality), comprising 392 females and 343 males (mean age: 69.6 years), participating in boxing, judo, karate, and taekwondo. The qualitative analysis revealed that compared to controls, OCS training improved muscle strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, agility, balance, movement, attention, memory, mental health, anxiety, and stress tolerance. Meta-analysis was available only for the chair stand test, and an improvement was noted after OCS training compared to control. In conclusion, OCS interventions improves older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health. Our systematic review confirms that OCS training has high adherence (greater than 80%) in older adults.Item Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older People: A Systematic Review(2022-01-05) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matias; Andrade, David CristóbalOlympic combat sports are unconventional physical activity strategies to train middle-aged and older people with and without health problems. This systematic review aimed to assess the available body of published peer-reviewed articles related to the effects of Olympic combat sports interventions (boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, wrestling) on health-related quality of life in adults aged 45 and older. The search was carried out in five generic databases until July 2021 and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42021244161). The PRISMA guidelines were followed and the Downs and Black checklist was used to assessed the methodological quality of the studies. After reviewing 1,151 records, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria, adding 212 participants (43.4% female) with a mean age of 63.7 years. Six studies (two with middle-aged participants and four with older people) provided data to calculate the effect size (ES) in the Olympic combat sports groups (No research that used taekwondo or wrestling as an intervention modality was found). Three studies reported beneficial changes with a small ES for the total score (d < 0.40) of the health-related quality of life. Two studies reported a beneficial change with a small ES (d = 0.49) and strong ES (d = 4.45) for physical health. One study reported improvements with a small ES for emotional (d = 0.23) and functional (d = 0.26) well-being. In conclusion, interventions based on Olympic combat sports produce beneficial effects with a small and moderate ES on health-related quality of life in male and female aged 45 and older who are healthy participants, participants with Parkinson’s disease, and participants with breast cancer.Item Psychological, Physiological, and Physical Effects of Resistance Training and Personalized Diet in Celiac Women(2022-06-16) Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro; Loaiza-Martínez, Daniela Alejandra; Sánchez-Sánchez, Javier; Rubio-Arias, Jacobo Á.; Alacid, Fernando; Prats-Moya, Soledad; Martínez-Olcina, María; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Asencio-Mas, Nuria; Marcos-Pardo, Pablo J.Background: Gluten intolerance is a systemic process of autoimmune nature; it develops in genetically predisposed subjects with gluten ingestion. The only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). This study was designed to evaluate adherence to a GFD, risk of an eating disorder, and nutritional status in adult CD patients undergoing different interventions. Methods: A total of 28 Spanish women, aged 40 years or more, took part in a randomized controlled trial. Each group received a different intervention: group 1, gluten-free nutrition plan + exercise (GFD + E); group 2, gluten-free nutrition plan (GFD); group 3, celiac controls (NO-GFD); and group 4, non-celiac controls (CONTROL). The training was prescribed by a sport scientist. It was based on resistance training with elastic bands; beforehand a warm-up was performed and the resistance was increased progressively. The variables studied were adherence to the GFD, risk of eating disorders, blood values, and body composition. Results: Celiac women with personalized nutritional planning presented greater adherence to a gluten-free diet (p < 0.001). Regarding leukocytes, significant differences were observed between the GFD and control groups (p = 0.004). Perimeters and folds did not decrease significantly. Conclusion: Women with celiac disease who follow an adapted and personalized diet have a better adherence to a GFD compared to those who follow a non-professional diet, and therefore have a better immune system status (blood leukocytes).Item Effects of a Concurrent Training Protocol on Body Composition and Phase Angle in Physically Inactive Young Women: A Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study(2021) Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Abarca-Moya, Diego; Cid-Pizarro, Ítalo; Gallardo-Strelow, José; González-Pino, Yovanni; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Mahecha-Matsudo, Sandra; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoTo determine the effect of a concurrent training program on body composition and phase angle in young women. 38 women (19.26 ± 1.86 years) participated in the study, and were assigned according to convenience sampling into two groups: 11 into the control group (CG) and 27 into the intervention group (IG). The IG performed a 12-weeks concurrent training protocol. The frequency was five days a week, and the intensity was established in 40-60 % of a repetition maximum to strength exercise, and 40-65 % heart rate reserve to endurance exercise. Body composition and phase angle were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance before and after the intervention. The IG had a decrease in fat mass (pre = 24.66 ± 5.65 kg; post = 20.38 ± 4.20 kg; Cohen’s d = .80; p< 0,001 [CI 95 % = 3.34,5.22]), and an increase in muscle mass (pre = 22.75 ±3.23 kg; post: 23.50± 3.41 kg; Cohen’s d = -0.86; p= <0,001[CI 95 % = -1.09,- 0.40]) and total phase angle (pre = 5.72º ±0.39; post: 6.24º ± 0.51; Cohen’s d = -1.32; p=<0,001 [CI 95 % = -0.67,-0.36]), whereas the CG had not show significant variations in variables of body composition or total phase angle. The results suggest that a 12-weeks concurrent training program could modify positively the young women’s body composition and phase angle. Hence, it is recommended using similar protocols to change variables related to young women’s health.Item Effects of a High-Intensity Interval Training Program on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Female Field Hockey Players(2021) Quezada-Muñoz, Yaquelina; Rodríguez-Artigas, Pablo; Aravena-Sagardia, Pablo; Barramuño, Mauricio; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Valdés-Badilla, PabloHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) is zed by achieving similar effects to conventional physical and physiological training in a shorter time, allowing its dissemination in the sports field. The present study was aimed to analyze the effects of a HIIT program on body composition and general and specific physical fitness in Chilean female field hockey players. Experimental, repeated measures, simple blind, parallel groups, and a quantitative approach were used. The participants were randomized, and distributed into a control group (CG; n= 10) that maintained regular field hockey training and an experimental group (EG; n= 10) that also received complementary training with HIIT. Body composition (muscle mass and adipose mass), general physical fitness (jump performance with countermovement jump [CMJ] and maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max] were evaluated with the test Course-Navette), and specific physical fitness (pushing speed, dribbling speed, and shooting accuracy) were assessed with established protocols. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons were made with Student's t and Wilcoxon tests, considering p<0.05. The main results indicate that the EG presented a significant increase in muscle mass (p = 0.024; d = 0.62), CMJ (p = 0.005; d = 1.10), VO2max (p = 0.001; d = 1.58) and a significant reduction in adipose mass (p = 0.023; d = 0.36) and time in pushing speed (p = 0.028; d = 0.79). The CG did not present significant changes in any of the variables analyzed, and no significant differences were reported between the groups. In conclusion, eight weeks of HIIT significantly increases muscle mass, jump performance, and VO2max and significantly reduces adipose mass and time in pushing speed in Chilean female field hockey players.Item A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Plyometric-Jump Training on the Physical Fitness of Combat Sport Athletes(2023-01-30) Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Thapa, Rohit K.; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoWe aimed to assess the athletic performance changes in combat sport athletes (CoSAs) after plyometric-jump training (PJT), compared to control conditions, through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Following PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases were searched for includable articles, according to a PICOS approach. Using a random-effects model, Hedges’ g effects sizes (ES) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, with values of <25%, 25–75%, and >75% representing low, moderate, and high levels of heterogeneity, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Twelve eligible articles were identified for systematic review, seven of high quality and five of moderate quality, according to the PEDro scale. The studies recruited taekwondo, silat, wrestling, judo, fencing, and karate athletes (292 total participants), including specific–active and active controls. Most participants had a mean age of <18 years and were males (n = 225). Compared to the control, PJT programmes, involving 4–12 weeks and 2–3 sessions per week, induced small to moderate improvements (ES = 0.47 to 1.04) in athletes’ maximal strength (e.g., 1RM squat), vertical jump height, change-of-direction speed, and specific performance (e.g., fencing movement velocity), although without meaningful effects on body mass, fat mass, and muscle mass (ES = 0.02 to −0.06). Most (7 of 8) outcomes attained low heterogeneity. The outcome-level GRADE analysis indicated a certainty of evidence from low to moderate. In conclusion, PJT, when compared to control conditions, may improve CoSA athletic performance.Item Differences in energy expenditure, amount of physical activity and physical exertion level during a Zumba fitness class among adult women who are normal weight, overweight and obese(2018-02) Yáñez-Sepúlvedad, Rodrigo; Barraza-Gómez, Fernando; Báez San Martin, Eduardo; Araneda, Oscar F.; Zavala, Juan P.; Hecht, Gernot K.; Tuesta, MarceloBACKGROUND: One of the most popular expressions of massive group classes of aerobic physical activity is Zumba fitness. The aim of the study was to compare and relate the energy expenditure and the amount and intensity of physical effort during a Zumba fitness class in women with different Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: Body displacements of 61 adult women who performed a one-hour Zumba session were evaluated with triaxial accelerometers. In order to observe the effect of BMI women were divided into normal weight (N.=26), overweight (N.=21) and obese groups (N.=14). RESULTS: The average number of steps was 4533.3±1351 and the percentage of total class time of moderate to vigorous intensity (% MVPA) was 53.8±14.4%. The metabolic intensity average was 3.64±1.1 MET, with an energy expenditure by total body mass of 3.9±1.6 kcal/kg. When analyzing groups, the normal weight group had a greater number of steps (5184.2±1561.1 steps/class) compared to overweight (4244.8±1049.3 steps/class) and obese women (3756.9±685.7 steps/class) with P<0.05. Also, the normal weight group spent a lower percentage of class time at the lower levels of intensity (sedentary and lifestyle activity levels) and more time at the highest levels (vigorous and very vigorous) compared to obese women (P<0.05). Participants with a normal weight obtained a higher % MVPA (62.1±15%) compared to overweight (50.1±9.4%) and obese (44.1±11.9%) groups with P<0.05. A metabolic intensity of 4.6±1.9 MET in the normal weight group was higher compared to 3.5±1.0 MET in the overweight (P<0.05) and 3.1±1.2 MET in the obese group (P<0.05), was observed. The subjective perception of effort was 7.84±0.9 (Borg CR 10), no differences between groups. Also we observed in all participants that at higher BMI values, there were lower energy expenditure values per kilo of weight (r=-0.40; P<0.001), metabolic intensity (r=-0.39; P<0.001), step counts (r=-0.43; P<0.001) and % MVPA (r=-0.50; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a higher BMI is associated with a lower intensity of effort, energy expenditure and amount of physical activity during a one-hour Zumba class, restricting to overweight and obese women to achieving the effort parameters recommended to control weight and improve cardiovascular fitness.