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Item Relationship between Anthropometric Measures and Anxiety Perception in Soccer Players(2022-07-22) Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro; Peñaranda-Moraga, Marcelo; Vicente-Martínez, Manuel; Martínez-Moreno, Miguel; Cuestas-Calero, Bernardo J.; Soler-Durá, Jorge; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Muñoz-Villena, Antonio JesúsIn the sports context, it has been corroborated that the physical demands of presenting an “ideal” body configuration have been associated with different psychological variables, such as self-esteem, anxiety and personality dimensions, such as perfectionism. Specifically, there is evidence that anthropometric measures may be closely related to psychological indicators. A total of 33 male soccer players (18.12 ± 1.24 years) participated in the investigation. Anthropometric assessments were carried out following the ISAK standards for the restricted profile. All of them completed the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory (CTAI-2D) in its Spanish version. The percent fat was calculated using Withers (density) and Siri equations. The ∑7 skinfolds were used to calculate this. After statistical analysis, significant mean differences were observed in the somatic anxiety dimension (valence) and a medium–large effect size. Regarding correlations, the significantly negative relationship between self-confidence (intentionality) and somatic anxiety (valence) was noteworthy. The relationship between psychological variables and anthropometric measurements was corroborated, showing the need for interdisciplinary work between psychologists and nutritionists who do not ignore the physical health and psychological well-being of the soccer player.Item Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Used to Assess Physiological Muscle Adaptations in Exercise Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review(2022-07-19) Tuesta, Marcelo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Verdugo-Marchese, Humberto; Mateluna, Cristián; Alvear-Ordenes, IldefonsoUsingmuscle oxygenation to evaluate the therapeutic effects of physical exercise in pathologies through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is of great interest. The aimof this reviewwas to highlight the use ofmuscle oxygenation in exercise interventions in clinical trials and to present the technological characteristics related to the equipment used in these studies. PubMed,WOS, and Scopus databaseswere reviewed up to December 2021. Scientific articles that evaluatedmuscle oxygenation after exercise interventions in the sick adult population were selected. The PEDro scale was used to analyze the risk of bias (internal validity). The resultswere presented grouped in tables considering the risk of bias scores, characteristics of the devices, and the effects of exercise onmuscle oxygenation. All the stages were carried out using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The search strategy yielded 820 clinical studies, of which 18met the eligibility criteria. This reviewdetailed the characteristics of 11NIRS devices used in clinical trials that used physical exercise as an intervention. The use of this technologymade it possible to observe changes inmuscle oxygenation/deoxygenation parameters such as tissue saturation, oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin in clinical trials of patientswith chronic disease. Itwas concluded that NIRS is a non-invasivemethod that can be used in clinical studies to detect the effects of physical exercise training onmuscle oxygenation, hemodynamics, andmetabolism. Itwill be necessary to unify criteria such as the measurement site, frequency, wavelength, and variables for analysis. This will make it possible to compare differentmodels of exercise/training in terms of time, intensity, frequency, and type to obtainmore precise conclusions about their benefits for patients.Item Project-Based Learning as a Strategy in Physical Education Teacher Training: Creating A Cultural Route Promoting Active Commuting(2023-07-15) Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoThis study analyzes the narrated reflection of the students in relation to their learning, based on the perceptions that emerge from their experience in the development of the project. Participants were 53 fourth year Pedagogy in Physical Education students, with an average age of 24.3, who were divided into 13 groups. A qualitative study that used the narrated reflection of the students in relation to learning, based on a driving question. In order to help guide the students’ work, and to collect the perceptions they experienced during their participation, the following four components were integrated into the development of the project and included in the final product: a) historical and heritage sites, b) technology used to measure energy expenditure, c) type of active commuting, d) reflection on what was learned. The students designed 13 routes of active commuting through the city, which included different cultural, heritage and historical landmarks. The students analyzed the learning experience, highlighting the importance of knowing and caring for the heritage of the different cities around which they traveled. PBL can be a didactic alternative in initial Physical Education teacher training to achieve learning by linking subject content with the motivations and interests of the students.Item Asociación entre la Termografía por Infrarrojo y Parámetros Antropométricos de Riesgo Cardiometabólico en Hombres(2022-02-08) Barraza-Gómez, Fernando; Alvear-Ordenes, Ildefonso; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Hecht-Chau, GernotLos parámetros antropométricos para la estimación de la composición corporal son variables comúnmente utiliza- das en la identificación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). En este sentido la termografía por infrarrojo (TI) podría ser utilizada como una herramienta que aporte información relevante en la evaluación de los FRCV mediante la estimación de la temperatura superficial en la piel y su relación con medidas antropométricas asociadas a estos factores. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación de la temperatura superficial de hombres adultos con variables antropométricas asociadas a FRCV. Participaron 64 hombres sanos de 26,4 ± 7,8 años, 76,1 ± 13,3 kg de masa corporal, 171,3 ± 7,2 cm de estatura y 25,9 ± 3,7 kg/m2 de índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas de 6 pliegues cutáneos (tricipital, subescapular, supra-espinal, abdominal, muslo medio y pantorrilla), circunferencia de cintura y cadera, además de mediciones de la temperatura superficial mediante TI en las zonas de medición. Se encontraron relaciones significativas negativas entre la temperatura superficial y las mediciones de los pliegues cutáneos a nivel subescapular, supra-espinal, muslo y pantorrilla (p < 0,01; r = -0,39 a -0,55). La temperatura promedio de la TI de los 6-pliegues, y todas las TI individuales de los pliegues presentaron correlaciones negativas significativas con el IMC, perímetro de cintura, índice cintura cadera, índice cintura estatura y la sumatoria de 6 pliegues cutáneos (p < 0,05; r = -0,35 a -0,65). Se puede concluir que existe una relación entre la temperatura superficial de la piel y algunos parámetros antropométricos de la composición corporal que muestran estar asociados a FRCV, pudiendo ser la TI una herramienta útil para complementar la evaluación de estos parámetros.Item Professional Male Beach Handball Players Performance Profile(2022-11-15) Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro; Sánchez-Sánchez, Javier; Martínez-Olcina, María; Vicente-Martínez, Manuel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Vázquez-Diz, Juan Antonio; Sánchez-Sáez, Juan AntonioBeach handball is a sport that has seen an increase in the number of players in the last decade. The aim of the study was to evaluate the basic measures of body composition, maturation, performance outcomes and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet of professional beach handball players, as a function of category (junior vs. senior) and playing positions. Thirty-six professional beach handball players participated in the study: 18 seniors (age: 25.0 ± 5.19) and 18 juniors (age: 16.7 ± 0.46); Each player’s body composition and different sports performance variables were analysed using the CMJ test, the Abalakov test, the Yo-Yo Test IR1 and the handgrip test. The Mediterranean diet Adherence was analysed using the KIDMED questionnaire. Significant differences are observed for all performance variables, with the values of senior players being higher in all cases (p < 0.005). Moreover, the adherence to the Mediterranean diet is moderate. Positive correlations were observed between the CMJ and weight (p = 0.012) and the CMJ and the BMI (p = 0.003). The same was observed for the Abalakov test, with p = 0.004 for weight and p = 0.001 for the BMI. Regarding the dynamometry, it positively correlates with the height (p = 0.002), the sitting height (p = 0.008), wingspan (p < 0.001) and weight (p = 0.011). The opposite occurred with the Yo-Yo Test and the KIDMED variables. Conclusions: One aspect to improve, as a key performance factor, would be the adherence to the Mediterranean diet for both categories. Players with a better adherence, achieved better results in the performance tests.Item Ramadan Nutritional Strategy: Professional Soccer Player Case Study(2022-01-21) Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro; Miralles-Amorós, Laura; Vicente-Martínez, Manuel; Asencio-Mas, Nuria; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Martínez-Olcina, MaríaThe period of Ramadan induces changes in the usual eating patterns of individuals. During this period, Muslims must abstain from drinking and eating from dawn to dusk. Therefore, some research conducted on professional soccer players has observed that during and/or after Ramadan, performance, running speed, agility, dribbling speed, and endurance and/or skill performance in athletic events may be negatively affected by Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of a dietary plan during RIF on performance and body composition in a professional soccer player. A 20-year-old elite player (86.0 kg, 188.5 cm) followed a dietarynutritional plan with an isocaloric diet and was supplemented with glycerol. The athlete’s strength and power in the lower limbs was assessed by performing a countermovement jump (CMJ) and Abalakov vertical jump (ABK) before and after Ramadan. After nutritional planning, the patient’s body composition improved in terms of fat loss (6.61 to 5.70%) and muscle mass gain (50.26 to 51.50%). In addition, this translated into improvements in performance tests, both in the CMJ (36.72 to 40.00 cm) and ABK (39.16 to 49.34 cm). In conclusion, during a period of fasting, personalised nutritional planning and an appropriate supplementation and rest protocol can improve the body composition and performance of soccer players.Item Professional Esports Players are not Obese: Analysis of Body Composition Based on Years of Experience(2021) Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Duclos-Bastías, Daniel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoEsports are considered a form of electronic sports that have become an important element of popular culture. Its evolution and continuous development have led to consider esports as a profession, increasing the number of players, practice modalities and hours of play dedicated to this field. Therefore, scientific and economic contributions have increased in recent years, however, there is little research on body composition in this group of players. To describe the anthropometric characteristics and body composition in professional esports players according to the years of experience. The sample consisted of 53 esports players competing in the Spanish professional league, with a mean age of 21.01 ± 0.39 years, whose body composition was measured by electrical bioimpedance with the TANITA® BC-601F Segment device. No differences were found between groups nor significant associations according to linear regression (p<0.05) between body composition variables and years of experience as a professional player. The years of practice, as well as the esports practiced have no influence on the body composition of professional esports players.Item Efecto agudo de una sesión de yoga de corta duración en el nivel de estrés en escolares(2022-01-06) Ortiz Torres, Melissa Andrea; Pérez Suárez, Sebastián Ignacio; Vásquez Navarrete, Camila Andrea; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoEl objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto agudo de una sesión de yoga en el nivel de estrés cotidiano en escolares. Participaron 21 escolares chilenos de 11,62 ± 0,50 años, los cuales fueron divididos en dos grupos (Grupo Experimental [GE]= 8; Grupo Control [GC]= 13). Se aplicó una sesión de yoga de 25 minutos de duración en el grupo experimental, mientras que el grupo control participó de una clase teórica en conducta sedentaria. El nivel de estrés se midió antes y despúes de la intervención con el Test Inventario de Estrés Cotidiano Infantil (IECI). Se utilizó la prueba de Shapiro Wilk para determinar la normalidad de los datos. La prueba t-Student para muestras relacionadas fue utilizada para comparar los efectos de la sesión previo y posterior a la intervención en el mismo grupo, mientras que la prueba t- Student para muestras independientes se usó para comparar los efectos entre los grupos experimental y control. Además, se usó la d de Cohen para para determinar el tamaño del efecto. El nivel de significancia se estableció en p<0,05. Se observó una disminución del nivel total de estrés cotidiano con un efecto moderado en el grupo experimental posterior a la intervención (Pre=16,25 ± 3,05; Post= 10,75 ± 4,74; p=0,005; TE= 0,57), mientras que en el grupo control no se encontraron efectos significativos post intervención (Pre=13,46 ± 5,57; Post=13,3 ± 5,55; p=0,337; TE=0,01). Se concluye que una sesión de yoga de corta duración puede proporcionar una disminución en los niveles de estrés en escolares.Item Características de Composición Corporal, Ángulo de Fase y Agua Corporal en Paracaidistas Chilenos de Elite(2021) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Alvear-Ordenes, Ildefonso; Vargas-Silva, Juan; Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Tuesta, MarceloDurante la práctica del paracaidismo, una deficiente composición corporal no sólo puede afectar el rendimiento deportivo, sino que, además, incrementa la probabilidad de sufrir una lesión o accidente grave. Conocer las características de sus componentes, podría ayudar a prevenirlas. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la composición corporal, ángulos de fase y agua corporal total en paracaidistas chilenos de alta competencia. Participaron del estudio 8 paracaidistas profesionales del Team Chile® (33,4 ± 4,9 años) con más de seis años de experiencia. La evaluación de las masas grasa, muscular, libre de grasa, magra y visceral, así como el ángulo de fase y el agua corporal total obtenida a través de impedancia bioeléctrica. Los deportistas presentaron un peso corporal de 76,7 ± 5,7 kg, estatura 1,72 ± 0,1 m e IMC 26,0 ± 1,9 kg/m2. La composición corporal promedio mostró un 20,6 ± 3,0 % de masa grasa, 44,9 ± 2,0 % de masa muscular y 79,4 ± 3,0 % de masa libre de grasa. El ángulo de fase promedio fue de 7,25 ± 0,33°. El agua corporal total de los participantes fue de 44,6 ± 3,2 l. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por los profesionales de las ciencias del deporte como valores de referencia para el control de la composición corporal, fase angular y agua corporal en paracaidistas para optimizar el rendimiento deportivo y evitar lesiones.Item Relación entre las características antropométricas, composición corporal y capacidad física en estudiantes de la comuna de Quintero, Chile(2022-03-23) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; de Souza Lima, Josivaldo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Prat-Lopicich, Arturo; Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Olivares-Arancibia, JorgeEn la actualidad conocer los parámetros antropométricos de la composición corporal (CC) y el nivel de condición física en niños y niñas adquiere cada vez una mayor importancia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre características antropométricas, composición corporal y capacidades físicas en escolares de la comuna de Quintero. En la investigación participaron 135 estudiantes (11,07 ± 2,3 años). Se midieron las variables antropométricas utilizando el protocolo de ISAK. El IMC peso/estatura2, porcentaje de grasa con la fórmula Slaughter, y el índice de conicidad con la fórmula de Valdez. Para medir las capacidades físicas se utilizó una adaptación de la batería EUROFIT®. Las variables fueron correlacionadas y asociadas con la prueba R de Pearson y R2 a través de un modelo de regresión lineal. Se estableció una significancia de un valor p<0.05. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre las variables de composición corporal con la prueba de abdominales (p < ,001), flexibilidad (p=,019), salto horizontal (p < ,001), 20 metros planos (p < ,001), flexiones de brazos (p < ,001), Vo2máx (p < ,001), fuerza de prensión manual en mano dominante (p < ,001) y mano no dominante (p < ,001). El porcentaje de masa grasa es la variable que presenta mayor nivel de relación con las capacidades físicas.
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