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Item Autoestima y autoconcepto académico en escolares durante la pandemia por la COVID-19(2022-07-22) Cancino-Marchant, Angela; Gedda-Muñoz, Relmu; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; López-Fuenzalida, Antonio; Valdés-Badilla, PabloIntroducción: Los escolares que practican actividad física regularmente poseen mayor autoestima y autoconcepto académico respecto a quienes no lo practican; se desconoce si esta condición se mantiene en contexto de pandemia por la COVID-19. Objetivo: Comparar la autoestima con el autoconcepto académico en escolares chilenos según sexo y hábito de actividad física. Secundariamente, asociar la autoestima con el autoconcepto académico de los escolares. Métodos: Estudio transversal que evaluó a 108 escolares (50,9 % mujeres) con una edad media de 13,96 + 2,85 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de Rosenberg, la escala de autoconcepto académico y una pregunta dicotómica relativa al hábito de actividad física. Se realizaron comparaciones con t de Student, U de Mann Whitney y asociaciones con ji cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas a favor de los hombres en autoestima (p= 0,007), sin diferencias en el resto de las variables, ni entre escolares físicamente activos vs. escolares físicamente inactivos. Además, se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la autoestima con la autoeficacia académica (p< 0,05), rendimiento percibido (p< 0,001) y puntaje total de la escala de autoconcepto académico (p< 0,001), en hombres, mujeres, escolares físicamente activos, escolares físicamente inactivos y en la muestra total. Conclusión: Existe asociación entre la autoestima con la autoeficacia académica, el rendimiento percibido y el puntaje total de la escala de autoconcepto académico en escolares chilenos, independiente del sexo y hábito de actividad física. Adicionalmente, existen diferencias de medias estadísticamente significativas en favor de los hombres para la autoestima.Item Factors Associated with Poor Health-Related Quality of Life in Physically Active Older People(2022-10-24) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Guzmán-Muñoz, EduardoThis study aimed to associate morphological variables and physical fitness with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in physically active older people. A cross-sectional study was carried out that evaluated 470 older people (89.57% female) with a mean age of 70.13 ± 6.57 years, residing in two regions of Chile. Morphological variables (body weight, bipedal height, waist circumference, body mass index, and waist to height ratio), physical fitness through the Senior Fitness Test protocol, and HRQoL using the SF-36 questionnaire were obtained. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors between morphological variables and physical fitness associated with HRQoL. The main results indicated that overweight (OR = 1.52; p = 0.034), a waist circumference with risk (OR = 1.56; p = 0.021), poor performance in the back scratch tests (OR = 1.02; p = 0.008) and timed up-and-go (OR = 1.19; p = 0.040) increased the probability of having a low general HRQoL. Also, the low performance of chair stand and arm curl tests was associated with poor physical and social dimensions of HRQoL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a low HRQoL in physically active older people is associated with both morphological and physical fitness factors.Item Effects of a hybrid multi-professional intervention on morphological and cardiorespiratory parameters in overweight or obese females(2021-09) Gasparotto Sangirolamo, Gabriela; Henrique Broio de Souza, Isabella Caroline Santos; Alves Araújo, Cynthia Gobbi; Ramos Mariano, Isabela; Valdes Badilla, Pablo; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriqueItem Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight or obese people post COVID-19: A comparative study(2022-09-21) Medeiros Lemos, Maurício; Rocha Cavalini, Gustavo; Pugliese Henrique, Carlos Renato; Santos Perli, Victor Augusto; de Moraes Marchiori, Glória; de Moraes Marchiori, Luciana Lozza; Sordi, Ana Flávia; Franzói de Moraes, Solange Marta; de Paula Ramos, Solange; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Mota, Jorge; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriqueThe present study aimed to evaluate the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight or obese people after COVID-19. 171 volunteers of both sexes (men, n = 93 and women, n = 78) between 19 and 65 years old were allocated into three groups according to the severity of their symptoms of COVID-19: non-hospitalized people/mild symptoms (n = 61), hospitalized (n = 58), and hospitalized in an intensive care unit-ICU (n = 52). Two laboratory visits were carried out 24 h apart. First, a medical consultation was carried out, with subsequent measurement of body weight and height (calculation of body mass index) and body composition assessment via electrical bioimpedance. After 24 h, a cardiorespiratory test was performed using the Bruce protocol, with a direct gas exchange analysis. Hospitalized individuals had significantly higher values for fat mass and body fat percentage than non-hospitalized individuals (p < 0.05). Significantly higher values were found for heart rate (HR) and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) for individuals who were not hospitalized when compared to those hospitalized in the ICU (p < 0.05). Significantly higher values for distance, ventilation, and the relationship between respiratory quotient were found for non-hospitalized individuals compared to hospitalized individuals and those in the ICU (p < 0.05). After the cardiorespiratory test, higher values for peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were observed for non-hospitalized individuals than for all hospitalized individuals (p < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher at the tenth and fifteenth minute post-Bruce test in hospitalized than in non-hospitalized participants (p < 0.05). Based on these results, proposals for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation are indispensable for hospitalized groups considering the responses of blood pressure. Monitoring HR, SpO2, and blood pressure are necessary during rehabilitation to avoid possible physical complications. Volume and intensity of exercise prescription should respect the physiologic adaptation. Given lower physical conditioning among all the groups, proposals for recovering from health conditions are urgent and indispensable for COVID-19 survivors.Item Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-Component Training and Walking Exercise on Health Status in Independent OlderWomen: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (TKD & Aging Project)(2022-05-26) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Zapata-Bastias, José; Lucero, Boris; Castillo-Retamal, FranklinThis study protocol aims to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program with respect to multi-component training and walking exercise on health status in independent older women. Secondarily, we analyze the variability of the inter-individual response and compare it according to the designated training system. The sample will consist of 64 women between 60 and 65 years, randomly assigned to experimental group 1 (n = 16; adapted taekwondo), experimental group 2 (n = 16; multi-component training), experimental group 3 (n = 16, walking exercise) or control group (n = 16; no intervention). The experimental groups will perform the designated training for three sessions (60 min per session) per week over 16-weeks, while the control group will not receive any treatment. The main outcome will provide information about (i) blood pressure, (ii) lipid profile, (iii) frequency of food consumption, (iv) body composition, (v) cognitive status, (vi) brain activity, (vii) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and (viii) physical-functional fitness. Our hypothesis indicates that adapted taekwondo produces more significant effects and greater inter-individual responses in cognitive status, brain activity, HRQoL, and postural balance than the others training methods. If this intervention proves effective, it could be an alternative for older women.Item Warm-Up and Handgrip Strength in Physically Inactive Chilean Older Females According to Baseline Nutritional Status(2022-10-16) Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Castillo-Cerda, María; Vera-Assaoka, Tiago; Carter-Truillier, Bastian; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Jofré-Saldía, Emilio; Valdés-Badilla, PabloAbstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of different types of warm-ups on handgrip strength (HGS) in physically inactive older females. Secondarily, it aims to compare HGS according to their baseline nutritional status. A randomized crossover trial study was conducted with 44 physically inactive older females distributed into normal weight (n = 12, BMI = 23.9 3.2 kg/m2), overweight (n =16, BMI = 27 4.7 kg/m2) and obese (n = 16, BMI = 31.6 5.3 kg/m2), who participated in three warm-up conditions (static stretching condition, SSC; elastic band condition, EBC; and therapeutic compression ball condition, TCBC) and one control condition (CC, no warm-up). All participants performed the four randomized conditions with recovery within 72 h. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in HGS for the dominant and non-dominant hands was observed when comparing SSC vs. CC. In contrast, comparing the warm-up conditions according to the baseline nutritional status, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were only reported in the obese group in the dominant and nondominant hand in favor of CC concerning SSC. In conclusion, warm-up with static flexibility led to a decrease in HGS in physically inactive older females. Only the obese group exhibited this result when analyzed by nutritional status.Item Effects of a Multi-Professional Intervention on Mental Health of Middle-Aged Overweight Survivors of COVID-19: A Clinical Trial(2023-02-25) Ryal, Joed Jacinto; Santos Perli, Victor Augusto; de Souza Marques, Déborah Cristina; Sordi, Ana Flávia; de Souza Marques, Marilene Ghiraldi; Camilo, Maria Luiza; Milani, Rute Grossi; Mota, Jorge; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriqueThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-professional intervention model on the mental health of middle-aged, overweight survivors of COVID-19. A clinical trial study with parallel groups and repeated measures was conducted. For eight weeks, multi-professional interventions were conducted (psychoeducation, nutritional intervention, and physical exercises). One hundred and thirty-five overweight or obese patients aged 46.46 ± 12.77 years were distributed into four experimental groups: mild, moderate, severe COVID, and control group. The instruments were used: mental health continuum-MHC, revised impact scale–IES-r, generalized anxiety disorder-GAD-7, and Patient health questionnaire PHQ-9, before and after eight weeks. The main results indicated only a time effect, with a significant increase in global MHC scores, emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being, as well as detected a significant reduction in global IES-R scores, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal, in addition to a reduction in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was possible to identify those psychoeducational interventions that effectively reduced anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients, regardless of symptomatology, in addition to the control group. However, moderate and severe post-COVID-19 patients need to be monitored continuously since the results of these groups did not follow the response pattern of the mild and control groups.Item Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Older Adults’ Health Status: A Systematic Review(2021-07-10) Valdés Badilla, Pablo; Herrera Valenzuela, Tomás; Ramirez Campillo, Rodrigo; Aedo Muñoz, Esteban; Báez San Martín, Eduardo; Ojeda Aravena, Alex; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriqueThe aim of this systematic review was to analyse the studies centered on the effects of Olympic combat sports (OCS [i.e., boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, wrestling]) on older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health status. The review comprised randomised-controlled trials with OCS interventions, including older adults (≥60 years), and measures of physical-functional, physiological, and/or psychoemotional health. The studies were searched through SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EBSCO databases until 5 January 2021. The PRISMA-P and TESTEX scales were used to assess the quality of the selected studies. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020204034). Twelve OCS intervention studies were found (scored ≥ 60% for methodological quality), comprising 392 females and 343 males (mean age: 69.6 years), participating in boxing, judo, karate, and taekwondo. The qualitative analysis revealed that compared to controls, OCS training improved muscle strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, agility, balance, movement, attention, memory, mental health, anxiety, and stress tolerance. Meta-analysis was available only for the chair stand test, and an improvement was noted after OCS training compared to control. In conclusion, OCS interventions improves older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health. Our systematic review confirms that OCS training has high adherence (greater than 80%) in older adults.Item Proposal of a Normative Table for Classification of Body Fat Percentage in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes(2022) de Souza Cerqueira, Beatriz; Baú Cerqueira, Mateus; Costa Ferreira, Willian; Mendes de Oliveira, Fabiano; Vidal Andreato, Leonardo; dos Santos-Junior, Rubens Batista; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriquePrevious evidence indicates that body fat can distinguish Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes according to the competitive level. However, propositions of cut-off points for establishing classifications of body fat percentage for combat sports athletes and, specifically, for BJJ athletes are still incipient in the literature. In this sense, the main aim of the present study was to establish a normative table for the classification of body fat percentage in BJJ athletes. As a secondary aim, athletes were compared according to competitive level. Ninety male BJJ athletes (aged: 29.0 ± 8.2 years; practice time: 6.0 ± 2.1 years; body mass: 82.1 ± 12.7 kg; height: 175.9 ± 6.5 cm; fat mass: 16.0 ± 8.9 kg; bone mineral content: 3.7 ± 0.6 kg; muscle mass: 37.9 ± 5.4 kg; body fat percentage: 17.3 ± 6.8 %; basal metabolic rate: 1811.4 ± 193.4 kcal) from different competitive levels: state (n= 42), national (n= 26) and international (n= 22) took part in this study. All athletes had their body composition measured via tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance. Percentiles p10, p25, p50, p75, and p90 were used to establish the classification. As a result, the following classification was obtained: <7.7 % (very low); ≥7.7-11.5 % (low); 11.6-17.0 % (medium); 17.1-24.0 % (high) and ≥24.1 % (very high). State-level athletes had a higher fat percentage than national and international-level athletes (p<0.05). The proposed cut-off points can help professionals responsible for sports training and nutritional prescription in monitoring the body fat of BJJ athletes.Item Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento muscular sobre la composición corporal y fuerza máxima en estudiantes universitarios según su índice de masa corporal inicial(2021) Aravena Sagardia, Pablo; García Sandoval, Alán; Herrera Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Vargas Vitoria, Rodrigo; Valdés Badilla, PabloIntroducción: Los ejercicios de entrenamiento muscular deben ser adaptados a las características de las personas y dosificados de manera individual para lograr los máximos beneficios. Objetivo: Comparar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento muscular sobre la composición corporal y fuerza máxima en estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos, según su índice de masa corporal (IMC) inicial. Material y métodos: Veinticuatro estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física (15 hombres y 9 mujeres) completaron un programa de entrenamiento muscular supervisado que duró ocho semanas (16 sesiones). Los estudiantes fueron distribuidos previamente en grupo bajo la media del IMC (GBM; n= 11; 7 hombres y 4 mujeres) y grupo sobre la media del IMC (GSM; n= 13; 8 hombres y 5 mujeres). Se midió el peso corporal, estatura bípeda, IMC, composición corporal (masa adiposa y masa muscular) y fuerza máxima del tren superior (press de banco plano y press militar) e inferior (sentadilla paralela (45°) y peso muerto) por medio de una repetición máxima (1RM). Resultados: La masa adiposa disminuyó significativamente (p <0,05) con un pequeño tamaño del efecto (d <0,30) en ambos grupos (GBM y GSM). Mientras que la masa muscular, aumentó significativamente (p =0,008) sólo en el GSM con un pequeño tamaño del efecto (d =0,36). La fuerza máxima del tren inferior y superior aumentó significativamente (p <0,05) con un pequeño y moderado tamaño del efecto (d <0,80) en el GBM y GSM. Las comparaciones entre los grupos no revelaron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: Un programa de entrenamiento muscular de ocho semanas produce una reducción significativa de la masa adiposa y un aumento significativo de la fuerza máxima del tren superior e inferior en estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos, independiente a su IMC inicial. Sin embargo, sólo el GSM consigue un aumento significativo de la masa muscular