30 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 30
Item Inter-Individual Variability of a High-Intensity Interval Training With Specific Techniques vs. Repeated Sprints Program in Sport-Related Fitness of Taekwondo Athletes(Frontiers in Psychology, 2021) Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Cancino-López, Jorge; Zapata-Bastias, José; García-García, José ManuelThis study investigated the effect of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with specific techniques (TS-G) vs. repeated sprints (RS-G) and analyzed the inter individual variability [classified into responders (Rs) and non-responders (NRs)] on sport-related fitness in taekwondo (TKD) athletes. Athletes of both genders (n = 12) were randomly assigned into TS-G and RS-G groups. Both groups trained 3 days/week for 4 weeks [two blocks of three rounds of 2 min of activity (4-s of all-out efforts with 28-s dynamical pauses) with 1 min of recovery in between and 5 min between blocks] during their regular training. The related sport fitness assessments included squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), multiple frequency speed of kick test (FSKTMULT), specifically total kicks and Kick Decrement Index (KDI), and 20-m shuttle run (20MSR). Relevant results indicate a significant effect of the time factor in both groups for SJ performance and a significant decrease for KDI in RS-G. In addition, an improvement in performance according to the effect size analysis in the TS-G in total kicks, KDI, and 20MSR. Complementarily, a higher proportion of athlete Rs was reported in TS-G vs. RS-G for SJ (50% vs. 30.3%, respectively), CMJ, and total kicks (16.6% vs. 0%). In conclusion, the addition to the regular training of a HIIT with specific techniques and repeated-sprints associated with intervals and similar structure of the combat during 4 weeks of training can improve the concentric characteristics of lower limb performance, although they were not the sufficient stimuli in the other components of TKD-related fitness.Item Autoestima y autoconcepto académico en escolares durante la pandemia por la COVID-19(2022-07-22) Cancino-Marchant, Angela; Gedda-Muñoz, Relmu; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; López-Fuenzalida, Antonio; Valdés-Badilla, PabloIntroducción: Los escolares que practican actividad física regularmente poseen mayor autoestima y autoconcepto académico respecto a quienes no lo practican; se desconoce si esta condición se mantiene en contexto de pandemia por la COVID-19. Objetivo: Comparar la autoestima con el autoconcepto académico en escolares chilenos según sexo y hábito de actividad física. Secundariamente, asociar la autoestima con el autoconcepto académico de los escolares. Métodos: Estudio transversal que evaluó a 108 escolares (50,9 % mujeres) con una edad media de 13,96 + 2,85 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de Rosenberg, la escala de autoconcepto académico y una pregunta dicotómica relativa al hábito de actividad física. Se realizaron comparaciones con t de Student, U de Mann Whitney y asociaciones con ji cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas a favor de los hombres en autoestima (p= 0,007), sin diferencias en el resto de las variables, ni entre escolares físicamente activos vs. escolares físicamente inactivos. Además, se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la autoestima con la autoeficacia académica (p< 0,05), rendimiento percibido (p< 0,001) y puntaje total de la escala de autoconcepto académico (p< 0,001), en hombres, mujeres, escolares físicamente activos, escolares físicamente inactivos y en la muestra total. Conclusión: Existe asociación entre la autoestima con la autoeficacia académica, el rendimiento percibido y el puntaje total de la escala de autoconcepto académico en escolares chilenos, independiente del sexo y hábito de actividad física. Adicionalmente, existen diferencias de medias estadísticamente significativas en favor de los hombres para la autoestima.Item Effects of post-activation potentiation exercises on kicking frequency, fatigue rate and jump performance in taekwondo athletes: a case study(Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física, 2020) Castro-Garrido, Nibaldo; Valderas-Maldonado, Carol; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Ferreira Da Silva, Jonatas; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime; Magnani Branco, Braulio; Zapata-Bastias, José; López-Fuenzalida, Antonio; Valdés-Badilla, PabloThe aim of the present study was to establish the effects of three conditions of post-activation potentiation (PAP) exercises on kicking frequency, fatigue rate (FR) and jump performance in novice and advanced taekwondo athletes. Secondarily, to establish if the PAP strength plus plyometrics exercises produced a significantly higher increase with respect to exercises of isolated strength and plyometrics. Eight university taekwondo athletes (n=4 novices and n=4 advanced) were randomized into four (one control and three experimental) intervention conditions. Kicking frequency and FR were evaluated with the Frequency Speed of Kicks Test (FSKT), and countermovement jump test (CMJ). Effect size (ES) was calculated and the significance level was stabilized at p<0.05. Advanced taekwondo athletes obtained significantly higher results when compared to novices in the control condition for the fifth FSKT-10s (p=0.019; ES=2.382); in the strength condition for the second FSKT-10s 2 (p=0.028; ES=2.590); and in the strength plus plyometrics condition for the first FSKT-10s (p=0.037; ES=1.805) and third FSKT-10s (p=0.027; ES=2.117). Furthermore, the control condition showed a difference when compared to strength plus plyometrics: on the first (p=0.040; ES=0.552) and second FSKT-10s (p=0.032; ES=0.687), respectively. The FR and CMJ did not significantly differ between the athletes nor between the intervention conditions. In conclusion, the PAP exercises did not improve kick frequency, FR and jump performance in the taekwondo athletes evaluated. However, these exercises did not produce adverse effects in the FR; thus, they could be used in taekwondo athletes with previous strength training.Item Effects of plyometric training on softer vs. Harder surfaces on jump-related performance in rugby sevens players(2022-08-25) Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Azócar-Gallardo, Jairo; Campos-Uribe, Victor; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Aedo-Muñoz, Esteban Ariel; Herrera-Valenzuela, TomásThis study aimed to compare jump-related performance after plyometric training on harder vs. softer surfaces in rugby sevens players. Fourteen players were randomly assigned to the harder surface group (H-G, n = 7) and softer surface group (S-G, n = 7). Three times per week, in the morning, the players performed plyometric training on different surfaces and strength training. Before and after the 4-week intervention period, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and CMJ with arms (CMJA) tests were performed to measure vertical jump displacement (d), rate of force development (r), and power (p). The main results indicated a significant improvement in S-G for CMJd (∆% = +8.2%; p = 0.029; ES = 0.59) and for CMJAp (∆% = +8.7%; p = 0.035; ES = 0.44). These improvements were significant compared to H-G for CMJAd (F1,12 = 8.50; p = 0.013; η2p = 0.41; ES = 0.83) and CMJAp (F1,12 = 7.69; p = 0.017; η2p = 0.39; ES = 0.79). This study reveals that performance related to the counter movement jump with arms on softer surfaces after 4-week plyometric training improved vertical jump displacement and lower body power in rugby sevens players.Item Concurrent training and interindividual response in women with a high number of metabolic syndrome risk factors(2022-09-23) Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Chirosa-Ríos, Luis; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Castro-Sepulveda, Mauricio; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Andrade, David C.; Álvarez, CristianThe non-responders (NRs) after exercise training have been poorly studied in populations with morbid obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the NR prevalence after 20 weeks of concurrent training of morbidly obese women with a high or low number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Twenty-eight women with morbid obesity participated in an exercise training intervention and were allocated into two groups distributed based on a high (≥3, n = 11) or low number (<3, n = 17) of MetS risk factors. The main outcomes were waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and secondary outcomes were body composition, anthropometric and physical fitness, determined before and after 20 weeks of concurrent training. NRs were defined as previously used technical error cut-off points for the MetS outcomes. Significantly different (all p < 0.05) prevalences of NRs between the H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups (respectively) in WC (NRs 18.2 % vs. 41.1 %, p < 0.0001), SBP (NRs 72.7 % vs. 47.0 %, p = 0.022), DBP (NRs 54.5 % vs. 76.4 %, p < 0.0001), FPG (NRs 100% vs. 64.8 %, p < 0.0001), and HDL-c (NRs 90.9 % vs. 64.7 %, p = 0.012) were observed. In addition, the H-MetS group evidenced significant changes on ΔSBP (−10.2 ± 11.4 mmHg), ΔFPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 mg/dl), ΔHDL-c (+4.0 ± 5.9 mg/dl), and ΔTg (−8.8 ± 33.8 mg/dl), all p < 0.05. The L-MetS group only showed significant changes in ΔWC (−3.8 ± 5.0 cm, p = 0.009). Comparing H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups, significant differences were observed in ∆FPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 vs. +0.3 ± 3.2 mg/dl, p = 0.027), but not in other MetS outcomes. In conclusion, 20 weeks of concurrent training promotes greater beneficial effects in morbidly obese patients with a high number of MetS risk factors. However, the NR prevalence for improving MetS outcomes was significantly superior in these more-diseased groups in SBP, FPG, and HDL-c, independent of their major training-induced effects.Item Relación entre calidad de sueño y calidad de vida con el estado nutricional y riesgo cardiometabólico en adultos mayores físicamente activos(2018) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Durán Agüero, Samuel; Godoy Cumillaf, Andrés; Ortega Spuler, Jenny; Salvador Soler, Noemí; Guzmán Muñoz, Eduardo; Zapata-Bastías, José; Díaz Aravena, Daniela; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Vásquez Gómez, Jaime; Vargas Vitoria, RodrigoIntroducción: El incremento de la población de adultos mayores (AM) es una realidad global que plantea a las sociedades grandes retos y oportunidades. Objetivo: Relacionar la calidad de sueño y percepción de la calidad de vida con el estado nutricional y riesgo cardiometabólico en AM chilenos físicamente activos. Material y método: Estudio transversal que evaluó 212 AM. Se estudió el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh, la escala de somnolencia de Epworth, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud SF-36, el estado nutricional según el índice de masa corporal y el riesgo cardiometabólico según perímetro de cintura e índice cintura estatura. Se realizaron comparaciones a través de la prueba t de Student y asociaciones por medio de regresión logística, considerando un p<0,05. Resultados: Los AM evaluados presentaron diferencias significativas sólo entre las mujeres para latencia al sueño (p=0,022). Además, la regresión logística manifestó relación entre menor latencia al sueño con baja probabilidad de presentar sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=0,276; IC95%=0,086-0,887; p=0,031). Por su parte, menor cantidad de sueño aumenta la probabilidad de presentar sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=3,921; IC95%=1,061-14,490; p=0,031). La calidad de vida no reportó relaciones significativas con el estado nutricional ni con el riesgo cardiometabólico. Conclusiones: Los AM chilenos que participan en talleres gubernamentales de actividad física que presentan mayor latencia al sueño y menor cantidad de sueño exhiben más riesgo de poseer sobrepeso/obesidad. Además, la percepción de la calidad de vida es positiva independiente de su estado nutricional o riesgo cardiometabólico.Item Factors Associated with Poor Health-Related Quality of Life in Physically Active Older People(2022-10-24) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Guzmán-Muñoz, EduardoThis study aimed to associate morphological variables and physical fitness with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in physically active older people. A cross-sectional study was carried out that evaluated 470 older people (89.57% female) with a mean age of 70.13 ± 6.57 years, residing in two regions of Chile. Morphological variables (body weight, bipedal height, waist circumference, body mass index, and waist to height ratio), physical fitness through the Senior Fitness Test protocol, and HRQoL using the SF-36 questionnaire were obtained. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors between morphological variables and physical fitness associated with HRQoL. The main results indicated that overweight (OR = 1.52; p = 0.034), a waist circumference with risk (OR = 1.56; p = 0.021), poor performance in the back scratch tests (OR = 1.02; p = 0.008) and timed up-and-go (OR = 1.19; p = 0.040) increased the probability of having a low general HRQoL. Also, the low performance of chair stand and arm curl tests was associated with poor physical and social dimensions of HRQoL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a low HRQoL in physically active older people is associated with both morphological and physical fitness factors.Item Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training With Specific Techniques on Jumping Ability and Change of Direction Speed in Karate Athletes: An Inter-individual Analysis(Frontiers in Psychology, 2021) Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Cancino-López, Jorge; Azócar-Gallardo, Jairo; Zapata-Bastías, José; García-García, José ManuelThis study investigated the effect of 4weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with specific techniques and analyzed inter-individual variability [classified in responders (Rs) and non-responders (NRs)] on jumping ability and change of direction speed (CODS) in youth karate athletes. Athletes of both genders (n =10) were randomly assigned into experimental group (EG; n=5) and the control group (CG; n=5). The EG trained 2–3days per week applying HIIT (three rounds [15 sets of 4s all-out specific efforts with 8s of dynamical pauses] with 3min of recovery between rounds) during their usual training during 4weeks. Assessments included squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) and CODS by T-test. No significant interaction effect group by time was found. Although, in percentage and effect size (ES) terms increases were reported in both groups for SJ (EG: 15.2%, ES=0.91 vs. CG: 12.4%, ES=0.02) and only in EG for the T-test (−1.7%; ES=−0.35). In turn, a trend toward a higher proportion of Rs was observed in the EG (40% Rs) vs. CG (20% Rs) for SJ and CODS, respectively. In conclusion, the addition to regular training of a HIIT with specific techniques and based on the temporal combat structure after 4weeks was not a sufficient stimulus to increase jumping ability and CODS in karate athletes.Item Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-Component Training and Walking Exercise on Health Status in Independent OlderWomen: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (TKD & Aging Project)(2022-05-26) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Zapata-Bastias, José; Lucero, Boris; Castillo-Retamal, FranklinThis study protocol aims to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program with respect to multi-component training and walking exercise on health status in independent older women. Secondarily, we analyze the variability of the inter-individual response and compare it according to the designated training system. The sample will consist of 64 women between 60 and 65 years, randomly assigned to experimental group 1 (n = 16; adapted taekwondo), experimental group 2 (n = 16; multi-component training), experimental group 3 (n = 16, walking exercise) or control group (n = 16; no intervention). The experimental groups will perform the designated training for three sessions (60 min per session) per week over 16-weeks, while the control group will not receive any treatment. The main outcome will provide information about (i) blood pressure, (ii) lipid profile, (iii) frequency of food consumption, (iv) body composition, (v) cognitive status, (vi) brain activity, (vii) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and (viii) physical-functional fitness. Our hypothesis indicates that adapted taekwondo produces more significant effects and greater inter-individual responses in cognitive status, brain activity, HRQoL, and postural balance than the others training methods. If this intervention proves effective, it could be an alternative for older women.Item Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Response to Muscle Fatigue and Sex Differences During Consecutive Competition Periods in Young Swimmers: A Longitudinal Study(2021-11-18) Castillo-Aguilar, Matías; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Andrade, David Cristóbal; Moraes, Michele M.; Arantes, Rosa M. E.; Núñez-Espinosa, CristianTo study the differences in cardiac autonomic modulation in response to muscle fatigue caused by high-intensity exercise during two consecutive competition periods in young swimmers.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »