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Item Asociación entre la condición física y calidad de vida con la fragilidad en personas mayores(2022) Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Salomé; Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Guzmán-Muñoz, EduardoIntroducción: El envejecimiento patológico provoca cambios anatomofisiológicos responsables de generar deterioro en la condición física y calidad de vida de las personas mayores. Así también se ha observado un aumento en la presencia de síndromes geriátricos como la fragilidad física. Objetivo: Determinar si existe asociación entre la condición física y calidad de vida con la fragilidad en personas mayores. Métodos: Estudio correlacional. Se incluyeron 84 personas mayores de 65 años (62 mujeres y 22 hombres) entre agosto y septiembre del año 2021 en las regiones metropolitana y Maule, Chile. Se midieron la condición física, calidad de vida y fragilidad. La condición física se evaluó con la batería Senior Fittnes Test y la calidad de vida fue medida con el cuestionario World Health Organization Quality of Life Old (WHOQOL-OLD). La fragilidad se determinó con el fenotipo de Fried. Se utilizaron tablas de contingencia para asociar las variables de estudio con la fragilidad a través de la prueba de ji cuadrado. Resultados: La fragilidad se asoció con algunos componentes de la condición física como fuerza del tren superior (p= 0,038), fuerza del tren inferior (p= 0,018), flexibilidad del tren inferior (p= 0,004), resistencia aeróbica (p= 0,038), agilidad y equilibrio dinámico (p= 0,002). También, se observaron asociaciones significativas con dimensiones de calidad de vida como autonomía (p= 0,007), actividades del pasado, presente y futuro (p= 0,018), participación social (p= 0,006) e intimidad (p= 0,038). Conclusión: Existe asociación entre fragilidad con dimensiones de calidad de vida y con variables de la condición física.Item Autoestima y autoconcepto académico en escolares durante la pandemia por la COVID-19(2022-07-22) Cancino-Marchant, Angela; Gedda-Muñoz, Relmu; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; López-Fuenzalida, Antonio; Valdés-Badilla, PabloIntroducción: Los escolares que practican actividad física regularmente poseen mayor autoestima y autoconcepto académico respecto a quienes no lo practican; se desconoce si esta condición se mantiene en contexto de pandemia por la COVID-19. Objetivo: Comparar la autoestima con el autoconcepto académico en escolares chilenos según sexo y hábito de actividad física. Secundariamente, asociar la autoestima con el autoconcepto académico de los escolares. Métodos: Estudio transversal que evaluó a 108 escolares (50,9 % mujeres) con una edad media de 13,96 + 2,85 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de Rosenberg, la escala de autoconcepto académico y una pregunta dicotómica relativa al hábito de actividad física. Se realizaron comparaciones con t de Student, U de Mann Whitney y asociaciones con ji cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas a favor de los hombres en autoestima (p= 0,007), sin diferencias en el resto de las variables, ni entre escolares físicamente activos vs. escolares físicamente inactivos. Además, se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la autoestima con la autoeficacia académica (p< 0,05), rendimiento percibido (p< 0,001) y puntaje total de la escala de autoconcepto académico (p< 0,001), en hombres, mujeres, escolares físicamente activos, escolares físicamente inactivos y en la muestra total. Conclusión: Existe asociación entre la autoestima con la autoeficacia académica, el rendimiento percibido y el puntaje total de la escala de autoconcepto académico en escolares chilenos, independiente del sexo y hábito de actividad física. Adicionalmente, existen diferencias de medias estadísticamente significativas en favor de los hombres para la autoestima.Item Effects of post-activation potentiation exercises on kicking frequency, fatigue rate and jump performance in taekwondo athletes: a case study(Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física, 2020) Castro-Garrido, Nibaldo; Valderas-Maldonado, Carol; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Ferreira Da Silva, Jonatas; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime; Magnani Branco, Braulio; Zapata-Bastias, José; López-Fuenzalida, Antonio; Valdés-Badilla, PabloThe aim of the present study was to establish the effects of three conditions of post-activation potentiation (PAP) exercises on kicking frequency, fatigue rate (FR) and jump performance in novice and advanced taekwondo athletes. Secondarily, to establish if the PAP strength plus plyometrics exercises produced a significantly higher increase with respect to exercises of isolated strength and plyometrics. Eight university taekwondo athletes (n=4 novices and n=4 advanced) were randomized into four (one control and three experimental) intervention conditions. Kicking frequency and FR were evaluated with the Frequency Speed of Kicks Test (FSKT), and countermovement jump test (CMJ). Effect size (ES) was calculated and the significance level was stabilized at p<0.05. Advanced taekwondo athletes obtained significantly higher results when compared to novices in the control condition for the fifth FSKT-10s (p=0.019; ES=2.382); in the strength condition for the second FSKT-10s 2 (p=0.028; ES=2.590); and in the strength plus plyometrics condition for the first FSKT-10s (p=0.037; ES=1.805) and third FSKT-10s (p=0.027; ES=2.117). Furthermore, the control condition showed a difference when compared to strength plus plyometrics: on the first (p=0.040; ES=0.552) and second FSKT-10s (p=0.032; ES=0.687), respectively. The FR and CMJ did not significantly differ between the athletes nor between the intervention conditions. In conclusion, the PAP exercises did not improve kick frequency, FR and jump performance in the taekwondo athletes evaluated. However, these exercises did not produce adverse effects in the FR; thus, they could be used in taekwondo athletes with previous strength training.Item Concurrent training and interindividual response in women with a high number of metabolic syndrome risk factors(2022-09-23) Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Chirosa-Ríos, Luis; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Castro-Sepulveda, Mauricio; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Andrade, David C.; Álvarez, CristianThe non-responders (NRs) after exercise training have been poorly studied in populations with morbid obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the NR prevalence after 20 weeks of concurrent training of morbidly obese women with a high or low number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Twenty-eight women with morbid obesity participated in an exercise training intervention and were allocated into two groups distributed based on a high (≥3, n = 11) or low number (<3, n = 17) of MetS risk factors. The main outcomes were waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and secondary outcomes were body composition, anthropometric and physical fitness, determined before and after 20 weeks of concurrent training. NRs were defined as previously used technical error cut-off points for the MetS outcomes. Significantly different (all p < 0.05) prevalences of NRs between the H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups (respectively) in WC (NRs 18.2 % vs. 41.1 %, p < 0.0001), SBP (NRs 72.7 % vs. 47.0 %, p = 0.022), DBP (NRs 54.5 % vs. 76.4 %, p < 0.0001), FPG (NRs 100% vs. 64.8 %, p < 0.0001), and HDL-c (NRs 90.9 % vs. 64.7 %, p = 0.012) were observed. In addition, the H-MetS group evidenced significant changes on ΔSBP (−10.2 ± 11.4 mmHg), ΔFPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 mg/dl), ΔHDL-c (+4.0 ± 5.9 mg/dl), and ΔTg (−8.8 ± 33.8 mg/dl), all p < 0.05. The L-MetS group only showed significant changes in ΔWC (−3.8 ± 5.0 cm, p = 0.009). Comparing H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups, significant differences were observed in ∆FPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 vs. +0.3 ± 3.2 mg/dl, p = 0.027), but not in other MetS outcomes. In conclusion, 20 weeks of concurrent training promotes greater beneficial effects in morbidly obese patients with a high number of MetS risk factors. However, the NR prevalence for improving MetS outcomes was significantly superior in these more-diseased groups in SBP, FPG, and HDL-c, independent of their major training-induced effects.Item Factors Associated with Poor Health-Related Quality of Life in Physically Active Older People(2022-10-24) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Guzmán-Muñoz, EduardoThis study aimed to associate morphological variables and physical fitness with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in physically active older people. A cross-sectional study was carried out that evaluated 470 older people (89.57% female) with a mean age of 70.13 ± 6.57 years, residing in two regions of Chile. Morphological variables (body weight, bipedal height, waist circumference, body mass index, and waist to height ratio), physical fitness through the Senior Fitness Test protocol, and HRQoL using the SF-36 questionnaire were obtained. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors between morphological variables and physical fitness associated with HRQoL. The main results indicated that overweight (OR = 1.52; p = 0.034), a waist circumference with risk (OR = 1.56; p = 0.021), poor performance in the back scratch tests (OR = 1.02; p = 0.008) and timed up-and-go (OR = 1.19; p = 0.040) increased the probability of having a low general HRQoL. Also, the low performance of chair stand and arm curl tests was associated with poor physical and social dimensions of HRQoL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a low HRQoL in physically active older people is associated with both morphological and physical fitness factors.Item Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-Component Training and Walking Exercise on Health Status in Independent OlderWomen: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (TKD & Aging Project)(2022-05-26) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Zapata-Bastias, José; Lucero, Boris; Castillo-Retamal, FranklinThis study protocol aims to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program with respect to multi-component training and walking exercise on health status in independent older women. Secondarily, we analyze the variability of the inter-individual response and compare it according to the designated training system. The sample will consist of 64 women between 60 and 65 years, randomly assigned to experimental group 1 (n = 16; adapted taekwondo), experimental group 2 (n = 16; multi-component training), experimental group 3 (n = 16, walking exercise) or control group (n = 16; no intervention). The experimental groups will perform the designated training for three sessions (60 min per session) per week over 16-weeks, while the control group will not receive any treatment. The main outcome will provide information about (i) blood pressure, (ii) lipid profile, (iii) frequency of food consumption, (iv) body composition, (v) cognitive status, (vi) brain activity, (vii) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and (viii) physical-functional fitness. Our hypothesis indicates that adapted taekwondo produces more significant effects and greater inter-individual responses in cognitive status, brain activity, HRQoL, and postural balance than the others training methods. If this intervention proves effective, it could be an alternative for older women.Item Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Response to Muscle Fatigue and Sex Differences During Consecutive Competition Periods in Young Swimmers: A Longitudinal Study(2021-11-18) Castillo-Aguilar, Matías; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Andrade, David Cristóbal; Moraes, Michele M.; Arantes, Rosa M. E.; Núñez-Espinosa, CristianTo study the differences in cardiac autonomic modulation in response to muscle fatigue caused by high-intensity exercise during two consecutive competition periods in young swimmers.Item Warm-Up and Handgrip Strength in Physically Inactive Chilean Older Females According to Baseline Nutritional Status(2022-10-16) Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Castillo-Cerda, María; Vera-Assaoka, Tiago; Carter-Truillier, Bastian; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Jofré-Saldía, Emilio; Valdés-Badilla, PabloAbstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of different types of warm-ups on handgrip strength (HGS) in physically inactive older females. Secondarily, it aims to compare HGS according to their baseline nutritional status. A randomized crossover trial study was conducted with 44 physically inactive older females distributed into normal weight (n = 12, BMI = 23.9 3.2 kg/m2), overweight (n =16, BMI = 27 4.7 kg/m2) and obese (n = 16, BMI = 31.6 5.3 kg/m2), who participated in three warm-up conditions (static stretching condition, SSC; elastic band condition, EBC; and therapeutic compression ball condition, TCBC) and one control condition (CC, no warm-up). All participants performed the four randomized conditions with recovery within 72 h. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in HGS for the dominant and non-dominant hands was observed when comparing SSC vs. CC. In contrast, comparing the warm-up conditions according to the baseline nutritional status, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were only reported in the obese group in the dominant and nondominant hand in favor of CC concerning SSC. In conclusion, warm-up with static flexibility led to a decrease in HGS in physically inactive older females. Only the obese group exhibited this result when analyzed by nutritional status.Item Asociación entre índices antropométricos de salud y condición física en mujeres mayores físicamente activas(2017) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Godoy-Cumillaf, Andrés; Ortega-Spuler, Jenny; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Durán Agüero, Samuel; Zapata-Bastías, José; Vargas-Vitoria, Rodrigo; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; López-Fuenzalida, AntonioObjetivo. Asociar los índices antropométricos de salud con la condición física de las mujeres mayores (MM) que participan en talleres de ejercicio físico. Material y métodos. Participaron 272 mujeres chilenas mayores de 60 años. Las variables correspondieron al IMC, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura estatura (ICE) y condición física (CF). Se realizaron correlaciones a través del coeficiente de Pearson o Spearman, y asociaciones bivariadas mediante ji cuadrada de Pearson y el test exacto de Fisher, considerando un p<0.05. Resultados. De las MM, 70.8% alcanzó sobrepeso u obesidad; y 68.8% y 96% riesgo cardiometabólico de acuerdo con PC e ICE, respectivamente. Su CF presentó un rendimiento igual (53.5%) o superior (33.8%) según su edad y sexo. Se encontraron correlaciones inversas entre estado nutricional y riesgo cardiometabólico con las pruebas de CF (excepto la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico, en donde la relación fue directa), y asociación directa con juntar manos. Conclusiones. El exceso de peso en MM físicamente activas no afecta su rendimiento físico-funcional; sin embargo, el riesgo cardiometabólico se asocia inversamente con la funcionalidad motriz.Item Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older People: A Systematic Review(2022-01-05) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matias; Andrade, David CristóbalOlympic combat sports are unconventional physical activity strategies to train middle-aged and older people with and without health problems. This systematic review aimed to assess the available body of published peer-reviewed articles related to the effects of Olympic combat sports interventions (boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, wrestling) on health-related quality of life in adults aged 45 and older. The search was carried out in five generic databases until July 2021 and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42021244161). The PRISMA guidelines were followed and the Downs and Black checklist was used to assessed the methodological quality of the studies. After reviewing 1,151 records, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria, adding 212 participants (43.4% female) with a mean age of 63.7 years. Six studies (two with middle-aged participants and four with older people) provided data to calculate the effect size (ES) in the Olympic combat sports groups (No research that used taekwondo or wrestling as an intervention modality was found). Three studies reported beneficial changes with a small ES for the total score (d < 0.40) of the health-related quality of life. Two studies reported a beneficial change with a small ES (d = 0.49) and strong ES (d = 4.45) for physical health. One study reported improvements with a small ES for emotional (d = 0.23) and functional (d = 0.26) well-being. In conclusion, interventions based on Olympic combat sports produce beneficial effects with a small and moderate ES on health-related quality of life in male and female aged 45 and older who are healthy participants, participants with Parkinson’s disease, and participants with breast cancer.